![]() Adoption of these scripting tools is easier said than done because of the intimidating nature of programming to many. They also facilitate workflows with large data. These are a much better foundation to build future skills on and since they are open platforms they allow users to publish full end-to-end instructions that anyone in the world can reproduce for free. Scientists in certain data intensive subject areas, are now beginning to adapt to scripting languages like R and Python. Commercial tools are also frequently rather feature heavy and complex for the general user with entire courses devoted to teaching them. Veusz and SciDAVis are good examples of free plotting packages that compare favourably with commercial products though they do not seem to be widely known. This may partly be a problem of general awareness on the part of the user. The tendency to use commercial software is highly prevalent in academia even though there are some viable open source solutions available. This has serious implications for reproducibility. They are very expensive and the source code is closed. However this gives rise to another problem – these are commercial applications. Many researchers use separate plotting packages such as GraphPad Prism and statistical tools like SPSS for analysis. These problems make reproducible science difficult.įor the general scientific user these limitations can be partly overcome by using other tools to compliment spreadsheets. Finally, statistical analysis using the most common commercial product, Excel, have been criticized. Also because they may be used for data entry and analysis at the same time, ad hoc changes to the raw data are encouraged. The use of conditional formatting to present results makes it almost impossible to interpret them in another format. The opaque way in which cell based formulae are often used makes it hard to track calculations. Spreadsheets have another more serious problem in that they make reproducible analysis very difficult. Even if a spreadsheet can perform a task using a macro it is often much more complex to accomplish than it would be with a few lines of code. Though advanced features like pivot tables are available many general users are sometimes not aware of them and make the worksheet more complicated than it needs to be. In the sciences there has however been a tendency to rely on the spreadsheet for tasks that they were not originally designed for. They have also advanced a great deal in sophistication since their introduction and are by now a standard tool for anyone dealing with numerical data. Spreadsheets are widely used in scientific research. However there is a danger of over reliance upon data analysts particularly in cases where an analysis can be done with relatively basic computational skills. Such expert skills are essential when the complexity of the task is too much for experimentalists unfamiliar with advanced computational techniques. In the biological sciences, the data analysis task is often assigned to a bioinformatician. Such is the complexity and volume of data it has given rise to data scientist specialisations within many fields. Recent years have seen a rapid growth in the importance of data handling and analysis in the sciences.
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